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雅思IELTS「problem and solution」型作文的Band 6、7、8版本

簡答

本頁針對一道虛構的「problem and solution」題目,用相同的規劃和相同的兩個想法,寫出Band 6、7、8三篇回答,並標示出哪些片語會得分或失分。就這種題型來說,最常拉開分數差距的,是解決辦法說明得多完整:Band 6的後半部很單薄,分數較高的作文則把每個解決辦法連回它所回應的問題,並加以發展。

App會依4個評分項目為Task 2作文評分,並提供Examiner's Summary,針對每個評分項目說明哪裡做得好、怎麼改進。

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本頁內容

本頁用一道虛構的題目,寫出三篇回答。規劃相同,兩個問題和兩個解決辦法也相同,只有寫作本身不同,所以你可以看出是什麼讓一篇作文從Band 6升到Band 7,再升到Band 8。這道題目屬於「problem and solution」題型的回答方式所描述的題型,那是練習資料裡的標籤,不是IELTS(雅思)使用的分類。

這3篇作文是為本網站寫的。它們不是來自真實的試卷,也沒有經過IELTS評分,它們不是要背的答案:IELTS.org會對背誦和抄襲的內容扣分,你考試時的題目也會不同。請用它們來比較,再寫出你自己的作文。

重點整理

  • 同一份規劃寫成三種版本,顯示分數來自發展和掌控,而不是不同的想法。
  • 在Band 6,解決辦法是單薄的那一半;在Band 7,每個解決辦法都連回一個問題;在Band 8,這個連結已經內建在段落裡。
  • 過度使用「Firstly」和「Secondly」之類的標籤,是Band 6連接的特徵。
  • Band 8靠的是精準,不是罕見的詞彙。
  • 這裡對各分數等級所說的一切,都來自本網站所改寫的公開評分標準。

題目

Young people in many countries now give most of their leisure time to screens instead of meeting friends in person. What problems does this cause, and what can be done to deal with them?

這道題目是為練習而虛構的。3篇作文共用同一份規劃:

  • 立場:看螢幕的習慣會造成真實的問題,而每個問題都有實際可行的解決辦法。
  • 問題一:年輕人失去面對面交談的能力。解決辦法一:需要學生合作的學校社團和球隊。
  • 問題二:深夜使用手機造成睡眠不足。解決辦法二:家裡規定手機晚上放在臥室外面。
  • 四個段落:引言、問題、解決辦法、結論。

同一篇作文的Band 6、7、8版本

將游標移到標示的片語上或點一下,就能看到評分者會注意的地方。圖例會標明每種顏色對應的評分項目。

Band 6

Nowadays a lot of young people use screens for most of their leisure time, and they meet their friends in person less than in the past. Some people think this is only a normal change, but I believe it causes real problems. This essay will discuss two of these problems and then suggest some solutions.

Firstly這個標籤只靠位置連接段落,而不是靠想法, the biggest problem is that young people lose the skill of talking face to face. When they only send messages, they doesn’t learn主詞動詞不一致:應為「do not learn」 how to start a conversation or how to listen to another person, so they can feel very nervous in real situations like a job interview or the first day in a new class. For example, a student may not know what to say to a new classmate. Secondly同樣機械的標籤,沒有和前面的想法連起來, many of them sleep bad詞形錯誤:應為「badly」 because they look at their phones in bed late at night. This is also a serious problem for them, because tired students cannot study well and they are often in a bad mood.

There are some solutions for these problems. Schools can organise more clubs where students work together, for example a sport club or a music group內容切題,但沒有說明這為什麼能解決第一個問題. In this way students will practise talking with each other and make new friends. This is a good idea because many students like sport and music. Parents also can put a rule詞序和搭配錯誤:應為「Parents can also set a rule」 that phones must stay outside the bedroom at night. I think this is easy to do and it will help young people to sleep better.

In conclusion, screens cause many problems for young people, and schools and parents must do something about them結論只是重複引言,沒有增加任何內容. If they do these things, the problems will be solve被動語態的形式錯誤:應為「will be solved」 in the future.

Band 7

Nowadays many young people give most of their leisure time to screens instead of seeing friends in person. Although this is often treated as a harmless change, I believe it creates two real problems, and both can be addressed through schools and families.

The first problem is that young people lose the habit of talking face to face. Someone who communicates mainly through messages has little chance to practise starting a conversation, listening carefully or coping with awkward silences較少見但自然的詞語搭配, so ordinary situations such as a job interview or a first day in a new class can feel stressful. The second problem is poor sleep. Many teenagers scroll through their phones in bed, and the bright light and constant notifications make it harder to fall asleep, which then reduces their concentration the following day用關係子句把原因和結果連起來,不需要標籤.

Schools can respond to the first problem by organising activities that require students to cooperate in person點出所回應的問題,讓解決辦法讀起來像是一個回應, for example sports teams, music groups or drama clubs. Because these activities depend on teamwork, students have to speak to each other directly說明這個解決辦法為什麼適合第一個問題, and over time this builds confidence. The second problem is handled more easily at home. If parents agree a rule that phones stay outside bedrooms at night, young people are more likely to fall asleep quickly條件句用法準確, although the rule works only when parents follow it themselves. Together, these two measures address both problems without asking young people to give up their devices entirely.

In conclusion, heavy screen use weakens young people’s conversation skill漏掉複數:應為「conversation skills」 and disturbs their sleep精確的動詞,描述造成的影響. These problems can be reduced if schools provide group activities and parents set clear limits at night.

Band 8

Young people in many countries now give most of their leisure time to screens rather than to meeting friends in person. This is often dismissed as a generational habit, yet it produces two distinct problems, each of which has a practical remedy that schools and families are well placed to provide.

The first problem is a gradual loss of conversational ability. Messaging allows time to compose every reply, so those who rely on it seldom learn to improvise, to read a pause or to recover from a misunderstanding針對一項技能的精確、簡潔措辭,而不是籠統的字; the difficulty becomes visible only in situations such as job interviews, where nobody can wait for them to type. The effect does not appear overnight, which is why it is easy to overlook. The second problem concerns sleep. Phones kept beside the bed invite late-night browsing, and the resulting fatigue undermines attention in class the next day描述後果的精確動詞和名詞.

Each problem has a remedy that matches it一個句子就把讀者從問題帶到解決辦法,不需要連接詞. Schools can address the first by making cooperation part of ordinary school life: a team sport or a school orchestra cannot function unless its members speak to one another continuously解決辦法透過說明運作機制得到發展,而不只是點出名稱, so conversational confidence is built without being taught as a separate subject. For sleep, a household agreement that devices stay outside bedrooms overnight removes the temptation altogether, and it is most effective when parents follow the same rule, since children copy what they see長句帶有從屬子句和理由,掌控得宜.

Screen-heavy leisure therefore weakens both conversation and rest結論用新的措辭重述立場,並加以衡量. Because schools can restore the first through shared activity and families the second through a simple night-time rule, the harm is real but far from irreversible, and neither remedy asks young people to give up their devices entirely.

讓分數不同的關鍵

以下的說明依循公開的評分標準,並採用本網站的改寫。每段引文都來自它旁邊所指的那篇作文。

Task Response

Band 6的作文回答了題目的兩半,但解決辦法是單薄的那一半:「Schools can organise more clubs where students work together, for example a sport club or a music group」切題,但後面沒有說明它為什麼有幫助,而結論「In conclusion, screens cause many problems for young people, and schools and parents must do something about them」只是重複引言。在Band 7,每個解決辦法都連回一個問題,並給了理由:「Because these activities depend on teamwork, students have to speak to each other directly」。在Band 8,支持內容說明了這個解決辦法如何運作:「a team sport or a school orchestra cannot function unless its members speak to one another continuously」。請見Band 7的Task Response(題目回應)描述。

Coherence and Cohesion

Band 6靠「Firstly」和「Secondly」把段落串在一起;順序清楚,但連接只是標籤,不是想法。Band 7在句子裡靠意義連接,例如「which then reduces their concentration the following day」,並在解決辦法段落的開頭點出它所回應的問題。Band 8在交接時不需要連接詞:「Each problem has a remedy that matches it」用一個句子就把讀者從問題帶到解決辦法。Band 6的Coherence and Cohesion(連貫與銜接)描述描述了這種機械的模式。

Lexical Resource

Band 6看得懂但很平淡,「sleep bad」用了錯誤的詞形,「Parents also can put a rule」搭配錯誤。Band 7用了較少見而自然的詞語搭配「coping with awkward silences」,以及「disturbs their sleep」中精確的動詞。Band 8選字看的是精確,不是罕見:「undermines attention in class the next day」用一個精確的動詞說出了後果。Band 8裡沒有任何炫耀的字。請見Band 8的Lexical Resource(詞彙資源)描述。

Grammatical Range and Accuracy

Band 6混合使用簡單句和複雜句,錯誤並沒有妨礙意思:「they doesn’t learn」和「will be solve」。Band 7掌控得宜地使用了條件句:「If parents agree a rule that phones stay outside bedrooms at night, young people are more likely to fall asleep quickly」。「conversation skill」中還留下一個失誤。在Band 8,一個長句不費力地帶出了理由:「a household agreement that devices stay outside bedrooms overnight removes the temptation altogether, and it is most effective when parents follow the same rule, since children copy what they see」。Band 7的Grammatical Range and Accuracy(文法多樣性與準確度)描述對這個模式有更詳細的說明。

這種題型的陷阱

  • 有一半很單薄。 Band 6的作文給每個問題一個段落的篇幅,給每個解決辦法的卻少得多。如果讀者數一數兩半各有多少字,就會看出失衡。
  • 解決辦法沒有連結。「Schools can organise more clubs」本身合理,但Band 6的作文從未說明它回應哪個問題,或為什麼有效。
  • 重複的結論。「schools and parents must do something about them」說的內容,引言都已經說過了。
  • 用標籤代替連結。「Firstly」和「Secondly」做的,是本該由想法本身來完成的工作。

如何使用這些範文

先針對同一道題目寫出你自己的回答,時間在40分鐘內,並採用和考試相同的限制。然後逐段比較:你的作文在哪裡說明了一個解決辦法,哪裡只是點出它的名稱?用4種標記為你自己的作文做記號,也就是Task Response、Coherence and Cohesion、Lexical Resource和Grammatical Range and Accuracy,並記下各個標記會落在哪些地方。規劃方式請見Task 2作文結構這篇文章。不要背這裡的任何一篇作文:考試的題目會不同,而且IELTS.org會對背誦的內容扣分。想為自己的作文取得第二個讀者的意見,可以使用作文檢查工具。

App的評分方式

IELTS Mentor AI會為Task 2作文提供Writing(寫作)的分數、4個評分項目各自的分數和Examiner’s Summary(考官總評),並針對每個評分項目說明哪裡做得好、怎麼改進。編輯器的計時是40:00,並即時顯示字數,對照250字的最低要求,你也可以拍下手寫的答案,而不用打字。

在備考中的定位

本頁屬於「problem and solution」題型的回答方式。整個考試的介紹請見Writing考試形式指南。其他題目措辭也有同樣的處理:「agree or disagree」型作文、「discuss both views」型作文、「advantages and disadvantages」型作文和雙問題作文。想知道是什麼讓作文進入Band 7,請讀IELTS Writing怎麼拿到Band 7。

常見問題

我可以在考試中使用這些作文當作我的答案嗎?

不可以。它們是為本網站寫的,不是來自真實的試卷,也沒有經過IELTS評分。IELTS.org會對背誦和抄襲的內容扣分,而且考試的題目會不同。請用它們來和自己的寫作比較,而不是照抄。

這些作文有經過IELTS評分嗎?

沒有。這3篇作文是為本網站寫的,用來示範各個分數等級通常是什麼樣子,依據的是本網站所改寫的公開評分標準。附在每一篇的分數等級是教學用的標籤,不是任何人報告的分數。

為什麼3篇作文的想法都一樣?

這樣你才能看到寫作的變化,而且只有寫作在變。規劃、兩個問題和兩個解決辦法都完全相同,所以你在這些作文之間注意到的任何差異,都來自想法的說明、連接和用字方式。

「problem and solution」作文應該寫多長?

IELTS.org要求Task 2至少250字,作答時間約40分鐘。這裡的3篇作文各自略少於300字,這樣的長度足以發展兩個問題和兩個解決辦法,又不會倉促。

我需要寫兩個問題和兩個解決辦法嗎?

IELTS沒有公布數量。各兩個是可行的做法,有空間說明每一個想法。重要的是題目的每個部分都有回答,而且每個解決辦法都連回一個問題。

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